Optimal concession contracts for landlord port authorities with different pursuing goals

This paper investigates how landlord port authorities should offer concession contracts to their terminal operators under two different goals, by building a two-stage game for each goal. If maximizing the weighted sum of fee revenues and throughout benefits is port authorities’ goal, then the optimal concession contract can be any of the two-part tariff, the unit-fee, and the fixed-fee contracts. Accordingly, our special cases include previous works assuming that port authorities maximize either fee revenues or throughput benefits. By contrast, if maximizing the social welfare is the goal, then we find that subsidizing terminal operators, instead of charging them, is port authorities’ best choice. This result is not yet discovered in the literature.     

长江深水航道水下坝体抛石设备改造

长江下游河段施工区域地形异常复杂、水深和流速条件对抛石坝体形成非常不利。以长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道二期工程口岸直水道整治工程Ⅱ标段为依托，通过改造抛石设备、增加串筒约束构造来降低抛石高度、减小抛石漂移距的方法，减小外界条件对抛石落点的影响，从而达到控制块石落点的目的，实现了水下抛石精准定位。工程应用效果良好，在提高施工质量的同时降低了成本，为类似项目提供了借鉴。     

The Dependency of People on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

Understanding how people are dependent on Large Scale Marine Protected Areas (LSMPAs) is important for understanding how people might be sensitive to changes that affect these seascapes. We review how resource dependency is conceptualized and propose that it be broadened to include cultural values such as pride in resource status, scientific heritage, appreciation of aesthetics, biodiversity, and lifestyle opportunities. We provide an overview of how local residents (n = 3,181 face-to-face surveys), commercial fishers (n = 210, telephone surveys), and tourism operators (n = 119 telephone surveys) are potentially dependent on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), a region currently experiencing significant environmental, social, and economic change. We found that commercial fishers and tourism operators were dependent not only financially on the GBR, but also because of their age, years in the industry and region, lack of education, and the number of dependents. These stakeholders lacked flexibility to secure alternative employment. All stakeholder groups, regardless of economic imperatives, were dependent on the GBR because of their cultural connections. We propose that resource dependency also provides an umbrella concept to describe the cultural services provided by an ecosystem, which can be described through place-based dependence and place-identity.     

Identifying tourists and analyzing spatial patterns of their destinations from location-based social media data

Reliable travel behavior data is a prerequisite for transportation planning process. In large tourism dependent cities, tourists are the most dynamic population group whose size and travel choices remain unknown to planners. Traditional travel surveys generally observe resident travel behavior and rarely target tourists. Ubiquitous uses of social media platforms in smartphones have created a tremendous opportunity to gather digital traces of tourists at a large scale. In this paper, we present a framework on how to use location-based data from social media to gather and analyze travel behavior of tourists. We have collected data of about 67,000 users from Twitter using its search interface for Florida. We first propose several filtering steps to create a reliable sample from the collected Twitter data. An ensemble classification technique is proposed to classify tourists and residents from user coordinates. The accuracy of the proposed classifier has been compared against the state-of-the-art classification methods. Finally, different clustering methods have been used to find the spatial patterns of destination choices of tourists. Promising results have been found from the output clusters as they reveal most popular tourist spots as well as some of the emerging tourist attractions in Florida. Performance of the proposed clustering techniques has been assessed using internal clustering validation indices. We have analyzed temporal patterns of tourist and resident activities to validate the classification of the users in two separate groups of tourists and residents. Proposed filtering, identification, and clustering techniques will be significantly useful for building individual-level tourist travel demand models from social media data.     

大城市中小学周边地区交通拥堵问题分析与解决策略

交通拥堵已经成为我国大城市的一种社会问题,它与每一个人都息息相关,如何更好地处理这种问题,使其减少对人们出行的影响,成为值得每一个人思考的问题。针对大中型城市中的交通拥堵其中的一种现象进行深入的剖析,系统介绍交通拥堵的成因,有针对性地提出如何改善中小学周边地区交通拥堵现象的一些观点和做法。     

Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics,Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments.     

也论柴油轿车在国内市场的发展前景

研究了世界范围内柴油机在乘用车领域内的应用现状,阐述了柴油机作为车用动力的优势。根据国内的政策环境与市场环境,分析了排放法规、柴油品质对市场的影响。根据对柴油轿车的性能要求,包括振动和噪声、排放等,分析了更适合我国轿车柴油机发展的技术路线,并重点对若干关键技术和难点进行了剖析。柴油机技术进步和市场化应用表明,柴油轿车在我国具有广阔的应用前景,政府和企业应做好政策和技术上的准备。     

英国有轨电车行业管理研究

为促进我国有轨电车行业的有序管理,系统总结了英国有轨电车发展历程以及行业管理部门、 独立监管机构和行业协会的主要职责、做法和经验,以供参考。通过系统梳理英国有轨电车行业的政 策法规和标准规范,结合我国有轨电车行业建设发展情况和存在问题,提出了管理体系建设、法律法 规和标准化等方面的建议,包括我国应加强有轨电车相关法律法规的制修订;应重视有轨电车项目经 济效益的分析和研究,加强投资和决策的引导,促进设计和采购的标准化;应从经济、安全和技术的 角度建立针对有轨电车特点的标准体系;应组织成立行业协会支持政府管理工作等。     

创新设计、资源节约、环境友好和低碳发展的长江口深水航道治理工程

介绍了长江口深水航道治理工程创新的治理理念、设计方案、施工技术和科学的动态管理方法,同时还介绍了该工程在资源节约、环境友好及促进低碳发展方面采取的措施和取得的效果。     

沙枕抛投在荆江航道整治中的应用

沙枕袋可以有效防止水流冲刷河床底部,是稳定河床及岸坡、防止冲刷的主要加固措施。结合长江中游荆江段航道整治工程施工,介绍了抛沙枕进行护底补坡的施工工艺流程、施工要点,重点介绍沙枕袋在长江水流影响下的抛投质量控制措施及实施效果。